How does higher speed affect braking distance?

Higher speed significantly affects braking distance by causing it to increase. This phenomenon occurs due to the physics of motion; specifically, the kinetic energy of a vehicle. Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the speed of the vehicle. When a vehicle is traveling at a higher speed, its kinetic energy is much greater, which means that more force is required to bring it to a stop.

The relationship between speed and braking distance can be understood through the formula for braking distance, which takes into account the initial speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road. As the speed of a vehicle doubles, the braking distance does not simply double; it actually increases by a factor of four, assuming the same braking force is applied. This exponential increase highlights the need for drivers to adjust their following distances and reaction times as their speed increases.

In contrast, a decrease in speed reduces the vehicle's kinetic energy and allows for shorter stopping distances. Maintaining a consistent and safe stopping distance, especially at higher speeds, is crucial for vehicle safety and accident prevention.